09 Case and Character Manipulation

• ·         Dummy table used to view results from functions and calculations-dual
• ·         The arrangement of data for storage or display.-format
• ·         Converts alpha character values to uppercase for the first letter of each word, all other letters in lowercase.-INITCAP
• ·         Functions that accept character data as input and can return both character and numeric values.-character function
• ·         Removes all specified characters from either the beginning or the ending of a string.-TRIM
• ·         A symbol that represents a quantity or a relationship between quantities-expression
• ·         Functions that operate on single rows only and return one result per row-single row function
• ·         Converts alpha characters to upper case-UPPER
• ·         Raw data entered into the computer-input
• ·         Concatenates the first character value to the second character value; equivalent to concatenation operator (||).-CONCAT
• ·         Data that is processed into information-output
• ·         Converts alpha character values to lowercase.-LOWER
• ·         Pads the left side of a character, resulting in a right-justified value-LPAD
• ·         Returns specific characters from character value starting at a specific character position and going specified character positions long-SUBSTR
• ·         Replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters.-REPLACE
• ·         Returns the numeric position of a named string.- INSTR
• ·         Returns the number of characters in the expression-LENGTH
• ·         Pads the right-hand side of a character, resulting in a left- justified value.-RPAD 

1. Using the three separate words “Oracle,” “Internet,” and

“Academy,” use one command to produce the following output:

The Best Class

Oracle Internet Academy

SELECT CONCAT('Oracle', CONCAT(CONCAT(' ', 'Internet'), CONCAT(' ', 'Academy'))) AS "The Best Class"

FROM DUAL;

2.  Use the string “Oracle Internet Academy” to produce the following output:

The Net

net

SELECT SUBSTR('Oracle Internet Academy', 13, 3)  AS "The Net"

FROM DUAL;

3.  What is the length of the string “Oracle Internet Academy”?23

SELECT LENGTH('Oracle Internet Academy')  AS "Length"

FROM DUAL;

4.  What’s the position of “I” in “Oracle Internet Academy”? 8

SELECT INSTR('Oracle Internet Academy', 'I')  AS "Position"

FROM DUAL;

5.  Starting with the string “Oracle Internet Academy”, pad the string to create ****Oracle****Internet****Academy****

SELECT REPLACE(RPAD(LPAD('Oracle Internet Academy', 27, '*'),31,'*'),' ', '****')  AS "Result"

FROM DUAL;

6.  Starting with the string “Oracle Internet Academy”, pad the string to produce:

Oracle$$$Internet$$$Academy

SELECT TRIM( BOTH '$' FROM  REPLACE(RPAD(LPAD('Oracle Internet Academy', 27, '$'),31,'$'),' ', '$$$$')  )  AS "Result"

FROM DUAL;

Why not SELECT REPLACE('Oracle Internet Academy',' ', '$$$$')  AS "Result"

FROM DUAL – because problem says so J

7.  Using the string ‘Oracle Internet Academy’, produce the output shown using the REPLACE function.

The Best Class

Oracle 2013-2014 Academy

SELECT REPLACE('Oracle Internet Academy','Internet', '2013-2014')  AS "The Best Class"

FROM DUAL;

8. List the order date and the order total from the Global Fast Foods F_ORDERS table. Name the order total as TOTAL, and fill in the empty spaces to the left of the order total with $.

999999.99 is the max value total field could take, (precision 8, scale 2). Might be above question want to limit total length of print to 9 (one for dot).

SELECT order_date, LPAD( order_total, 9, '$') as total

FROM f_orders;

9.  Write a query that will output a column called “ADDRESS” which has the following information: ZOE TWEE 1009 OLIVER AVENUE BOSTON, MA 12889. Use the Global Fast Foods F_CUSTOMERS table.

SELECT  UPPER(first_name || ' ' || last_name || ' ' ||  address ||' '|| city ||', '|| state ||' '|| zip) as address

FROM f_customers;

10. Write a query to return the first character of the first name concatenated to the last_name, the salary, and the department id for employees working in department 20. Give the first expression an alias of Name. Use the EMPLOYEES table. Change the query to use a substitution variable instead of the hard coded value 20 for department id. Run the query for department 30 and 50 without changing the original where-clause in your statement.

SELECT CONCAT( SUBSTR(first_name, 1, 1)  , last_name) "Name", salary, department_id

FROM employees

WHERE department_id = 20;

SELECT CONCAT( SUBSTR(first_name, 1, 1)  , last_name) "Name", salary, department_id

FROM employees

WHERE department_id = :dptid;

11. Using a substitution variable for the department name, write a query listing department id, department name, and location id for departments located in the_department_of_your_choice. Use the DEPARTMENTS table. Note: All substitution variables in OAE are treated as character strings, so no quotes (‘ ‘) are needed.

SELECT department_id as "departmentid", department_name as "departmentname", location_id as "location id"

FROM departments

WHERE LOWER(department_name)  = LOWER(:the_department_of_your_choice);

12. Write a query that returns all the employee data depending on the month of their hire date. Use the EMPLOYEES table. The statement should return the month part of the hiredate which is then compared to an abbreviated month (JAN, FEB, MAR) passed into the query via a substitution variable.

SELECT first_name, last_name, hire_date, TO_CHAR(hire_date, 'MON') as "Month"

FROM employees

WHERE TO_CHAR(hire_date, 'MON') = UPPER(:whichmonth);